Although the types of field sports are very wide, professional field sports clothing such as impact clothing is mainly for alpine sports such as mountaineering and skiing. In addition to the physical and technical requirements of the participants themselves, field sports also require field clothing to be able to get used to bad weather and complex geographical environment to ensure the personal safety of the athletes.

Although there is no essential difference between field sports clothing and home clothing, due to the two characteristics of field and sports, the requirements for clothing are relatively strict and harsh: field sports generate large heat and sweat evaporation, and clothing is required to have outstanding heat dissipation and ventilation functions. It is inevitable to encounter wind, rain, snow and fog in the field. Clothing should have certain waterproof functions. Field sports hope to reduce load as much as possible, and clothing should be as simple as possible, windproof and warm-keeping function requires high field washing conditions are limited, and the antibacterial, deodorization and anti-contamination requirements of clothing are high.

For field work, rock climbing and forest piercing, clothing is required to have outstanding tensile and tear resistance... These functional requirements are very strict from the perspective of textile skills, and even many indicators are in conflict with each other. Any single natural or chemical fiber can not meet these requirements, only through a variety of fiber composite and multi-channel chemical cleaning to try to reach these functions.

Heat retention

Although the warmth is closely related to the thickness of the fabric, but the field sports do not allow clothing is too heavy, so it is necessary to keep warm and simple to meet the special requirements of field sports clothing. The most common way is to add special ceramic powder containing chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide and other special ceramic powder in polyester and other synthetic fibers spinning solution, especially nano-scale fine ceramic powder, which can absorb visible light such as sunlight and convert it into heat energy, and can also reflect the far infrared rays emitted by the human body itself, so it has excellent heat preservation and heat storage functions. Of course, the far-infrared ceramic powder, adhesive and crosslinking agent can also be formulated into a cleaning agent, and the woven fabric is coated, and then dried and baked to make the nano ceramic powder adhere to the appearance of the fabric and between the yarn. This kind of cleaning agent emits a wavelength of 8~14 m far infrared ray, but also has antibacterial, deodorant, promote blood circulation and other health functions.

In addition, according to the principle of bionics, referring to the structure of polar bear hair, the inside of polyester fiber is made into a porous hollow shape, so that the fiber contains a lot of non-circulating air, and the outside is made into a spiral curved shape to maintain fluffiness, which can achieve outstanding heat preservation effect on the premise of ensuring light texture. Of course, making clothes and even fabrics into double layers or even three layers to increase the non-circulating air layer is also one of the most traditional ways to keep warm.

Waterproof and moisture permeability

The sports meeting emits a lot of sweat, and the wild is inevitably subject to wind and rain. This is a pair of opposites in itself: it must be able to prevent rain and snow from getting wet, and it must be able to discharge the sweat from the body in time. Fortunately, the human body emits water vapor in a single molecule state, while rain and snow are liquid droplets in a collective state, and their sizes are very different. In addition, the liquid water has a characteristic called appearance tension, that is, the characteristic of approaching its own volume. The water we see on the lotus leaf is granular water droplets instead of flat water stains. This is because the lotus leaf has a layer of feather arrangement with wax on the surface, and the water droplets cannot disperse and penetrate on this layer of waxy feathers due to the effect of appearance tension.

If you dissolve a drop of scrubbing agent or washing powder into water droplets, the water droplets will immediately collapse and spread out on the lotus leaf due to the fact that the scrubbing agent can greatly reduce the external tension of the liquid. Waterproof and moisture-permeable clothing is a chemical coating that uses the external tension characteristic of water to coat a layer of PTFE (the same chemical composition and different physical structure as the "king of corrosion-resistant fibers" polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE) on the fabric to enhance the external tension of the fabric, so that water droplets can be tightened as much as possible without spreading and infiltrating the external surface of the fabric, and then cannot penetrate the pores on the fabric arrangement. Together, this coating is porous, and water vapor in the single-molecule state can smoothly pass through the capillary channels between the fibers to the appearance of the fabric.

If you stop to rest in the wild after a large amount of exercise, it may be due to the low outside temperature, sweat can not escape in time and form water droplets in the inner layer of clothes, so that people have a very uncomfortable feeling, this is the so-called "condensation" phenomenon. There is a special moisture permeability cleaning process called "low condensation". It uses polyurethane (PU) and hydrophilic nano-ceramic powder to coat and clean the fabric, which can absorb too much sweat vapor when the body evaporates sweat, and then avoids the phenomenon that the water vapor inside the clothes exceeds the full vapor pressure and is converted into water droplets.

In addition to the way from the fiber and coating, the fabric structure can also try to do moisture wicking. For example, the double-layer structure is selected, the inner layer of the close-fitting is made of hydrophobic fibers, and the outer layer is made of hydrophilic fibers, so that sweat can be transferred from the skin to the inner layer of fibers by capillary effect, and because the binding force between the outer layer of hydrophilic fibers and water molecules is stronger than that of the inner layer of hydrophobic fibers, water molecules are transferred from the inner layer of the fabric to the outer layer again, and finally to the atmosphere.

Antibacterial and deodorant

Due to the characteristics of the movement caused by sweat, sebaceous glands a lot of secretion. However, in the wild conditions, it is not possible to change clothes frequently. Under suitable temperature and humidity environment, microorganisms multiply a lot, resulting in unsightly smell and itching. Therefore, the regular field sports clothing is cleaned up by antibacterial and deodorant chemicals. The way to pick up the general is to have the sterilization effect of organic quaternary amine type, imidazoline type surface active agent or silver, copper and other heavy metal ions through the resin and cross-linking agent fixed on the fiber, so that it has a certain washing resistance.

Of course, an important criterion for choosing a sterilant must be non-toxic or low-toxic, otherwise it will be the end of the book. In recent years, Japan has made many explorations in the research of natural antibacterial cleaning agents. For example, aromatic oil extracts with sterilization effect such as aloe, wormwood, eucalyptus and rose are selected, coated in porous organic microcapsules or porous ceramic powder, attached to fabrics, crosslinked and fixed with resin, and slowly released sterilizing agents through mechanical effects such as friction and backlog to achieve the purpose of durable antibacterial cleaning. This kind of natural antibacterial agent is not only non-toxic and harmless, and there is a certain health function, should be the development direction of antibacterial cleaning.

However, due to the limited means of fixing antibacterial agents, the washing resistance of antibacterial agents is not good, and the antibacterial function decreases every time it is washed, and generally disappears completely after dozens of times. U.S. Dow Corning AEGIS mildew antibacterial agent selection of molecular bonding method will be eighteen long carbon chain evenly spread in the fabric appearance, combined with the fabric fiber as a whole, and then rely on the physical effect of sterilization, and different from other chemical effects of sterilization, in order to achieve the effect of permanent antibacterial.

Stain resistance and ease of decontamination

Wild sports often walk through the muddy and wet mountains and forests. It is inevitable to wipe dirty clothes. This requires that the appearance of clothing should not be easily stained by stains as much as possible, and once stained, it should be easy to wash and remove. Change the appearance of the fiber function, greatly improve the appearance of the fabric tension, so that oil stains and other stains are difficult to penetrate into the fabric, slight stains can be wiped off with a wet cloth, heavy stains are also easy to clean. The anti-fouling cleaning can not only avoid the pollution of oil pollution, but also has the function of waterproof and moisture permeability. It is generally called "three anti-fouling cleaning" (water repellent, oil repellent and anti-fouling). It is a useful and advanced chemical cleaning method, which is commonly used in the outer layer of clothing and the fabric cleaning of backpacks, shoes and tents.

Anti-static and anti-radiation

Mountaineering is the core content of field sports. In addition to the original dense forest, the high mountain plateau area above 3000 meters above sea level is generally boring due to low air pressure and easy volatilization of water. However, field clothing is basically made of chemical fiber fabrics, so the electrostatic problem is more outstanding. The harm of static electricity is generally manifested as easy pilling of clothes, easy to be infected with dust and dirt, electric shock and sticky feeling near the skin, etc. If you carry sophisticated electronic instruments such as electronic compass, altitude meter, GPS navigator, etc., you may be disturbed by the static electricity of clothing and make a mistake, which will bring serious consequences.

Static electricity may occur when any object rubs against each other, but only boring insulating objects will accumulate static electricity and cause harm. Therefore, the best antistatic fabric is of course made of natural fibers, but as mentioned above, pure natural fibers are difficult to meet the special requirements of field sports, and even natural fibers, in a very boring environment, will be due to the lack of water molecules and electrostatic phenomenon.

There are two main ways to clean up the anti-static of the fabric: one is to weave metal wires into the fabric to make conductive fabric (together with electromagnetic wave shielding fabric and anti-radiation fabric) to conduct and dissipate the static electricity caused by friction to the outside world in time. However, this fabric is not suitable for sports clothing, mainly because of poor softness and comfort. Another way is to use block polyether, polyacrylate and other anti-static agents with moisture absorption effect, to the fabric surface coated with a layer of chemical film that can absorb water molecules, so that the fabric surface to form a layer of continuous conductive water film, the electrostatic conduction to escape.

Due to the relative thinning of the atmosphere in high altitude areas, the isolation and filtering effect of ultraviolet rays is greatly reduced, and the intensity of ultraviolet rays is much higher than that in low altitude areas. Ultraviolet rays can effectively promote the production of vitamins and have a sterilizing effect, but too strong a shine will cause damage to the skin. The penetrating power of ultraviolet rays is very strong, and the general fiber fabric cannot completely shield its shining. The nano inorganic titanium dioxide (TiO2), nano zinc oxide (ZnO) ultraviolet shielding agent and organic salicylic acid, cyanoacrylate, benzophenone, benzotriazole and other ultraviolet absorber, resin crosslinking method fixed on the fabric, can play a certain anti radiation effect.

It can be said that field sportswear represents the latest cutting-edge skills in the development of textile science, which is also an important reason why a seemingly inconspicuous mountaineering suit and impact pants often cost hundreds of thousands or even thousands of yuan (of course, it does not rule out factors such as brand value and functional style). Although the price is not low, but a set of windproof, breathable, moisture-proof, warm, radiation and other functions as one of the professional field sports clothing, for a climber, sometimes may have the same meaning as life! However, due to the diversity, complexity and unpredictability of field sports, there may be many different requirements for the function of clothing due to different environments and sports methods. Therefore, as far as the current scientific skills are concerned, it is still difficult to achieve the overall function of field sports clothing.

Article from: Sanshun custom clothinghttp://www.samsunclothing.com/